Research Participants

Research involving human subjects is based on a commitment to advance human welfare, knowledge and understanding, and to examine cultural dynamics. Someday, you or a family member may want to take part in a research study. The information here may help you make the right decision.

 

Acronyms (CCTS, OHRP, etc.)

  • CCTS: UK Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences
  • IRB: Institutional Review Board
  • OHRP: Office for Human Research Protections
  • AAHRPP: Association for the Accreditation of Human Research Protection Programs Inc.
  • SU2C: Stand Up To Cancer

Information About Participating in Research

What is a Clinical Trial?

A clinical trial (also clinical research) is a research study in human volunteers to answer specific health questions. Carefully conducted clinical trials are the fastest and safest way to find treatments that work in people and ways to improve health. Interventional trials determine whether experimental treatments or new ways of using known therapies are safe and effective under controlled environments. Observational trials address health issues in large groups of people or populations in natural settings.

More clinical trial information:

Regulations to Protect Research Volunteers (OHRP)

Learn about the regulations that protect research volunteers, why we have them, and who enforces them.

  • Why Have Regulations to Protect Research Participants? [HTML]
  • What Regulations Protect Research Participants? [HTML]
  • Who Oversees the Regulations to Protect Research Participants? [HTML]
  • Is All Human Subjects Research Regulated? [HTML]
  • Who is Responsible for Protecting Human Subjects in Research? [HTML]

For Parents and Kids

Información sobre la investigación - en Español

Ensayos Clínicos

Para Los Padres

Reglamentos para la protección de personas que participan en investigaciones científicas 
Oficina de Protecciones para la Investigación Humana (OHRP)

Aprenda acerca de los reglamentos que protegen a aquellos que participan en investigaciones científicas, por qué tenemos dichos reglamentos, y quién los hace cumplir. Este material fue diseñado para el uso público, y le invitamos a que lo comparta o distribuya libremente.

  • ¿Por qué tenemos reglamentos para proteger a las personas que participan en investigaciones? [HTML]

  • ¿Cuáles son los reglamentos más importantes que protegen a los participantes? [HTML]

  • ¿Qué oficina federal supervisa y hace cumplir los reglamentos del HHS? [HTML]

  • ¿Hay investigaciones que no sean controladas por la Common Rule? [HTML]

  • La protección de los voluntarios es una responsabilidad compartida [HTML]

What is an Institutional Review Board (IRB)?

The IRB reviews research studies involving human subjects. The IRB is federally mandated to ensure that proper safeguards are in place to protect human subjects enrolled in research studies [see "Regulations Governing Human Subjects Research" under Federal Regulations in the IRB Survival Handbook]. Additionally, three fundamental ethical principles are carefully considered during the IRB decision-making process to ensure the ethical practice of research involving human participants [see Ethical Foundation: The Belmont Report].

IRB membership is comprised of "...at least five members, with varying backgrounds to promote complete and adequate review of research activities commonly conducted by the institution. The IRB shall be sufficiently qualified through the experience and expertise of its members, and the diversity of the members, including consideration of race, gender, and cultural backgrounds and sensitivity to such issues as community attitudes, to promote respect for its advice and counsel in safeguarding the rights and welfare of human subjects." [45 CFR 46.107]

  • UK IRB Membership [PDF]

What does Full Accreditation by AAHRPP Say About UK?

The University of Kentucky went through a rigorous process to become accredited in human research protections. Achieving Full Accreditation by the Association for the Accreditation of Human Research Protection Programs Inc. (AAHRPP) demonstrates UK’s commitment to the highest ethical standards in conducting human research. Accreditation signals to research participants that UK puts safety (well-being) first and embraces standards that are higher than required by law. See UK's 2007 press release [PDF] announcing this momentous accomplishment.

Ensuring the University of Kentucky continues to demonstrate high standards of human research protections by reaccreditation requires a yearlong review process including a rigorous application process, detailed records-review, and site inspection by an AAHRPP review team.  UK has maintained its standing of excellence since 2007 with full reaccreditation in 2020, and pending full reaccreditation in June 2025. 

The researchers, ORI staff, IRB members, and administrators interviewed at the most recent AAHRPP site visit (December 2024), affirmed our efforts to conduct human research that is scientifically sound, regulatory compliant, and consistent with the highest ethical principles. 

Furthermore, accreditation means:

  • UK is committed to the most comprehensive protections for research participants and the highest quality research.
  • UK sought accreditation, because it is the right thing to do.
  • Research participants receive more comprehensive protection from UK.
  • UK applies the federal safeguards to all research that involves research participants.
  • UK maintains efficient systems for monitoring participant safety (wellbeing).
  • UK demonstrates the high quality of its human research protection program in meeting the rigorous accreditation standards and process.
  • UK has a stronger, more cohesive research programs committed to continuous improvement.
  • UK goes beyond what is required by law to protect human participants and ensure integrity of research.

In order to maintain accreditation, organizations must fully demonstrate a level of human research protections and safeguards that meet all specified standards which are categorized into three domains (Organization, Institutional Review Board (or Ethics Committee), Researcher and Research Staff).  UK's accreditation status is active for five years, with annual reports due each June until reaccreditation is due again.  

Volunteer for a research study at UK.

Learn about current study opportunities at the UK Center for Clinical and Translational Science Current Studies [HTML]

Join the IRB?

If you have an interest in research and ethics, volunteering to serve on an IRB is a way to protect the rights, safety, and welfare of research participants.  IRBs include scientist, non-scientist, and members that are not affiliated with UK, who represent diverse members of the community. See detailed descriptions below and contact Pam Stafford if interested in being an IRB member (859-323-7399).

The nonscientist is vital – research review cannot proceed without a nonscientist present. This member’s role is to ensure that research materials are readable and that participants will understand what they are volunteering for. This committee member must be:

A nonscientist (training, background, and occupation are in nonscientific fields);

  • Able to prepare for and attend most committee meetings; meetings are set for a particular weekday and are held about 3-4 weeks apart;
  • Able to attend occasional education sessions; and
  • Comfortable with basic computer operations.
  • Nonscientist Member Brochure [PDF]

The unaffiliated member brings a unique perspective to the table. This member’s role is to represent the public’s concerns – to serve the public community’s interests rather than the university’s. This committee member must be:

  • Not affiliated with the University of Kentucky, either directly or through an immediate family member;
  • Able to prepare for and attend most committee meetings; meetings are set for a particular weekday and are held about 3-4 weeks apart;
  • Able to attend occasional education sessions; and
  • Comfortable with basic computer operations.
  • Unaffiliated Member Brochure [PDF]

Resource Videos

 

Research Participation | Participación en Investigaciones Científicas Cancer Clinical Trials | Ensayos Clínicos de Cáncer

 

OHRP: About Research Participation/Acerca de la participación en investigaciones científicas

English

Español (Spanish)

What is Medical Research?

¿Qué son los ensayos clínicos?

How is Medical Research Different from Medical Care?

En qué se diferencian la investigación médica y el tratamiento medico

Deciding to Participate in Clinical Trials

¿Qué son los ensayos clínicos?

Questions to Ask Before Volunteering in Clinical Trials

¿Qué preguntas debe hacer?
 

Explaining Randomization in Clinical Trials

Explicación de la aleatorización en ensayos clínicos

Research with Medical Records and Samples from Medical Care

Uso investigativo de muestras e información derivadas de la atención medica

Participating in Social and Behavioral Health Research

Participando en investigaciones sociales y de conducta relacionadas a la salud

How IRBs Protect Human Research Participants

Cómo los IRB protegen a los participantes humanos en investigaciones

Informed Consent for Research: What to Expect

El consentimiento informado: ¿De qué se trata?
 

Research with Children: What Parents Need to Know

La investigación científica con niños: Lo que los padres necesitan saber

Protecting Your Privacy in Human Research
 

La protección de su privacidad en investigaciones con seres humanos

 

SU2C: Cancer Clinical Trials/Ensayos Clínicos de Cáncer

English

Español (Spanish)

Clinical Trials

Ensayos Clínicos

Biopsies

Biopsias

Trial Phases

Fases

Randomized Control Trials

Ensayos Controlados Aleatorizados

Placebos

Placebos

Informed Consent

Consentimiento Informado

Standard of Care

Estándar de Cuidado