Chris Crawford, a professor in the University of Kentucky College of Arts and Sciences’ Department of Physics and Astronomy, is the co-leader of a team that just precisely measured the weak interaction between protons and neutrons, also known as the weak force — one of four fundamental forces in nature.

The one-of-a-kind experiment was executed at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and is the culmination of a decade of research, preparation and analysis. The result quantifies the weak force theory as predicted by the Standard Model of Particle Physics.

The team’s observation, detailed in Physical Review Letters, was measured through a precision experiment called n3He, or n-helium-3, that ran at ORNL’s Spallation Neutron Source. Their finding yielded the smallest uncertainty of any comparable weak force measurement in the nucleus of an atom to date, which establishes an important benchmark.

Crawford describes the experiment as “akin to searching for a 1-inch needle in a 40-foot-high barn full of hay,” and the results have changed the way nuclear physicists understand the role of the weak force in atomic nuclei.

The American Physical Society describes the work as "a spectacular achievement" in Physics magazine:

"Its impact is best seen in the larger landscape of parity-violating nuclear forces and interactions. ...  It is when the results of the n3He and other experiments — the NPDGamma experiment, the polarized proton-proton scattering experiment, and future few-nucleon experiments — are combined with a robust, quantum chromodynamics (QCD)-based, theoretical understanding that we can start to disentangle the interplay of the fundamental forces in the nucleons. ...  Eventually, understanding QCD and its interplay with other forces in nuclear systems will enable us to use nuclei to search for hints of new particles and new forces that are beyond the standard model."

Read the full press release from ORNL: www.ornl.gov/news/scientists-achieve-higher-precision-weak-force-measurement-between-protons-neutrons.